Attacking and Defeating the Hockey Puck Lock

Being a firefighter, we have various challenged consistently thrown at us and as such it is our job to defeat and overcome them.

As businesses and homeowners look to ramp up their security systems with more cameras around the perimeters and such, it is very common for high security locks to be added to various entrance points of the structure. The mindset is to make the structure as different as possible for criminals to enter and this trickles into making it more difficult for firefighters to make entry should an emergency arise that we need to get to.

When we think about gaining entry to a structure, we know it is something we must train on and something we must be proficient in. So, challenge accepted. Since as firefighters, there is no challenge we cannot overcome - or at least think we cannot overcome. The kitchen table is where we solve all the world's problems.

The challenge of this article is to list out various methods of forcible entry in defeating The American 2000 lock also known as "The Hockey Puck Lock".

This lock is found is a variety of places and sometimes may show up when you least expect it. Typically found on roll up doors on commercial occupancies, these locks can also be found on commercial garage doors, basement doors (Bilco doors) and box trucks.

Due to its round shape, this lock puts the keyway and pin & shackle within the body of the lock itself. By this design, it is created to cause difficulties for criminals to cut the shackle and gain entry.

Here are a few ways to attack and overcome the hockey puck lock

Method #1 - Attack the lock (no guard)

The lock could be attached to some kind of heavy-duty door or gate and quickly being able to identify if there is a guard around the lock or not will determine if you will be attack the lock itself or go through other means. For this method, we will go through the lock itself since there is no guard around the lock.

The quickest and most efficient way in attacking the lock is to use a standard pipe wrench (many truck companies have these in the cab or tool compartment of the rig) and get a solid bite on the lock with the wrench. From there, you simply pry downward with the wrench, breaking the hasp eye.

American 2000 (hockey puck) Lock Hasp

Method #2 - Through the Lock (with guard)

Hockey Puck Lock with Guard

Many of these locks will have a guard around them protecting the lock and therefore preventing the use of a wrench or striking down the lock by other means.

In this case, when faced with a guard around the lock, it is best to cut through the lock itself. For this method, it is best to use a rotary saw equipped with a metal blade.

• Locate the keyway

• Cut about three-quarters up the lock, opposite of the keyway

• Cut completely through the lock and guard

This should damage the hasp and enable the lock to be removed from the door or gate.

For those unfamiliar with this type of lock, it could be a daunting task to complete. However, take time during pre-planning and non-fire incidents in occupancies to locate these types of locks and add them to your pre-incident size-up and practice these methods of entry with the crew. A few minutes breaking locks will save precious minutes on the fire ground figuring out how to get through it.

Until next time - work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Electric Vehicle Fire Considerations for Second Due Company Response

Due to the nature and potential duration of a fire involving an electric vehicle, the second due company, whether it be a rescue or squad company play a vital role in the strategies and tactics of fire suppression operations.

Here are a few considerations for second due companies in response to an electric car fire.

• Upon arrival and not completed, establish a delineated Hot Zone and ensure all personnel are in full PPE and donned with their SCBA and on air.

• Consider ventilation. The buildup of vapors from an EV are potentially toxic, flammable and explosive. If deemed safe, the second due engine should consider and attempt to open two doors of the vehicle to allow and prevent buildup of vapors.

• Attempt to shut down the high voltage system of the EV, if it is not already on fire.

• Provide access for the suppression team to the location of the battery in order for water to be applied directly on it. This will help cool the battery and prevent thermal runaway.

• Ways to open the vehicle for access to the battery depending its location

• Remove the doors and rear seat top

• Open and remove the trunk lid

• Tilt the vehicle for access to the floor batteries. Consider using air bags, spreaders and cribbing, a comealong or winch to do so.

The main purpose of the second due company for electric vehicle fires is to provide safety for all personnel on scene and work in obtaining access to the EV battery location to help prevent further thermal runaway. Since cooling these batteries could take up to 30 minutes or more, it is vital there is a dedicated company on scene working to identifying and gaining access to this crucial piece of the vehicle.

Key Terms

High Voltage

For automotive applications, any voltage greater than 30 volts alternating current, or AC, or 60 volts direct current, or DC, is considered to be a high or hazardous voltage due to the potential to produce serious injury or death due to electric shock. Electric drive systems on commercial vehicles can operate at voltages as high as 800 volts, both AC and DC, and can produce peak currents as high as 100 amps, which make contact with high voltage components even more dangerous.

High Voltage Cables

Visible orange cables are another indication that a vehicle has a high voltage system. That is because there is a voluntary Society of Automotive Engineers, or SAE, recommended practice that specifies that all high voltage cables have an orange outer covering. While voluntary, this practice has been adopted by virtually all manufacturers.

Until next time, work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

When to Detach from the Plan

In theory, our strategies and tactics for our incident action plan are developed based on our 360-degree size-up. In reality, our strategies and tactics of our incident action plan are developed based on many variables - the pre-incident size-up, the alarm size-up, the on-scene size-up and the post-incident (after action review) size-up. All these variables are covered in chapter 3 of my book, "The 5-Tool Firefighter" in greater detail. For purposes of this article, I am highlighting them for other purposes.

The pre-incident size-up

 The pre-incident size-up is the first and best place to begin putting our IAP together by collecting as much important and relevant information of the structure as we possibly can and therefore beginning to build our "gameplans" and try them out in training. During this size-up, we can locate and note the following:

1. Construction type

2. Interior space size

3. Containment areas

4. Stairwells and elevators

5. FDC hookups

6. Solar Panels

Note: variables change based on the type of construction and type of occupancy you are pre-planning. These six items are only a sample of what we could look to identify during a pre-planning.

The alarm size-up

During the alarm size-up this is where firefighters and fire officers should start considering the variables taken during the pre-incident size-up. On the way to the alarm, things to look into are as follows:

1. Location of the structure

2. Type of occupancy

3. Current apparatus staffing

4. Weather conditions and time of day (loosely)

5. Apparatus placement (think water supply/aerial operations)

These areas will lead into building the strategies and tactics for our IAP for this particular alarm. Now comes the on-scene.

The on-scene size-up

This is where the pre-planning and alarm size-ups are put to work. All our work identifying key areas of consideration and training are now put to the test. In reality, it is where we are provided with much more information specific to the alarm, confirming our variables during the alarm size-up, such as building construction, type of occupancy and location.

 Here is where more in-depth size-ups will take place not only at the command level but at each company level. Firefighters of truck and engine companies will now begin going inside the structure and taking note of the area under a different light and different conditions and relaying their findings back to the incident commander. This information being done at the company level will now allow the IC (incident commander) to make fire ground decisions that’s are prioritized for a safe and efficient outcome. This process continues until command is terminated.

Post-incident size-up

Once we've returned to the station and cleared up, it is imperative that we begin to discuss what went right and wrong on the incident, no matter the severity of the incident. This helps firefighter and fire officers strive to improve on their strengths and weaknesses of their job and strive to be as successful as possible.

Things to consider:

1. What did we expect to happen?

2. What actually happened?

3. What went well and why?

4. What can we improve upon and how? 

Looking at these four areas of size-up, we need to understand one thing. Our incident action plan that is designed to assist is can also hurt us. Well, how is that possible? We have pre-planned, sized-up on alarms, trained on scenarios for this type of occupancy, we did everything? What would hurt us?

What could hurt us is by sticking to the script of the IAP. What do I mean by that? Unforeseen circumstances and confirmation bias.

The outcome of the incident is initiated in our thought process before we develop any strategies or tactics of the incident. In order to develop strategies and tactics we first must identify our outcome. Makes total sense right? We cannot plan for an outcome we do not have in mind.

Our confirmation bias also agrees but here is the caveat. We cannot identify areas of concern if we simply go off an incident action plan without detaching ourselves from the plan for a moment. Meaning, we use our IAP as a guide but also take the time to look around for key areas that we are predisposed to instantly ignore.

Here is an example. 

We prepare our alarm size-up and look at the time of day. For example, Engine 2 is responding to a fire alarm activation at 234 Sesame Street on a Tuesday at roughly 1400 hours. It is a 2-story residential wood frame structure and normally at this time the family is either working and/or at school. 

Initially we are thinking this could be a faulty smoke detector activation or maybe someone is home and it's burnt food on the stove. However, upon arrival we see no signs of "life" at the residence. There are no cars in the driveway or at the curb and no homeowner waiting for us. Right here, our confirmation has proven correct. No one is home and a faulty detector went off. 

We immediately considered that because of the time of day with no activity at home upon arrival and the lack of cars visible to us, it must appear no one is home. 

Now let's detach from that mindset for a moment. 

We automatically assumed based on the time of day and day of week no one would be home however, that simply cannot be the case. To overcome confirmation bias, we need to loosely take time of day into account and assume every response has occupants on scene. Having a rough idea of who might be home is good to have but it cannot be written in stone and here's why. 

A residential structure could with an attached or detached garage could have the homeowner’s car parked inside (off-day or working from home) or the car could be for all intents and purposes, at a shop getting work done.  

To go further into the example here is more details. The engine company officer decides to DETACH from the initial mindset and dispatch and peak around the exterior of the structure that has a 6-foot privacy fence around the side yard and into the backyard and notices black smoke coming from the basement windows on the "C" side (Charlie side ) of the structure after entering through the fence gate. 

We've identified two areas of concern here. One, we disregarded the confirmation bias of time of day that the potential of no one is home and we identified an unforeseen circumstance based on the initial dispatch of the alarm.  

By detaching from the plan for a moment and taking a step back to question and prove out your initial mindset can oftentimes be the difference between a reactive approach or a proactive approach. The IAP is a great tool to have although we must ensure we are always critically thinking on scene and not simply going through the motions.

Until next time - work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

The Importance of the 360 Size-Up

The importance of performing a 360 size up makes a huge difference in the operation of a structure. Keep in mind size up can be performed by simply walking around your first due area and checking out new construction. Let’s look at some simple factors I came across in a new residential community.

Picture #1

• Two story wood frame single family home

• Appears it could be balloon frame (although weird for new construction)

• Only one door is in plain sight

• Bottom window of the 1/2 corner is a bit raised appearing there may be a basement level or storage area below

Picture #2

• House is actually a three story residential

• Basement is designed to be fully furnished

• Basement level could possibly be used as an apartment (could cause a hazard if the stairway between the basement and first floor is illegally blocked for privacy)

• Two additional means of egress located off the first floor balcony on the #2 side and the basement level door

• From the rear it’s clear it’s not balloon frame

Again, just a few small factors to hit on. Do you notice anything else?

Beware The Red Label

Keep yours eyes open for red labels on electrical equipment and conduits as this is an indication of the presence of solar panels. This can present a hazard on the fire ground for a few reasons but one of the biggest is that the system probably won't be fully deenergized.

It took me a bit to find the solar panels where this picture was taken but I knew they were there because of the labels. It's a convenience store and the picture shows the equipment on the store building. The solar panels are located on the canopy over the gas pumps. I was caught off guard when the solar panels and associated equipment were not on the same structure. The way the canopy roof slopes, the solar panels are not visible from the store.

Let's say you're dispatched to a residential structure with a walk-out basement so there's 2 floors above grade in the front and 3 floors in the back. It's 0300 and you're doing a 360 in the dark. How close are you staying to the structure to evaluate it? You're probably not walking too far into the back yard. Will the rear roof be visible? What if the solar panels look like shingles? Are you going to know solar is there? Maybe, maybe not, but I bet you'd notice the red labels on the associated electrical equipment if you knew about them. Especially since the labels are to be reflective.

Now let's say the presence of solar power is not identified and you're working in the attic of a residential structure. The PV wiring is to be metal clad or run in rigid conduit. Again, it is supposed to be labeled so if you see this you need to report it to command and beware that you're operating around energized electrical lines/equipment. Even if the power has been shut-off, the solar panels and associated wiring will remain energized from the panels to the AC disconnect. It's also possible that the system can't be isolated from the public utility service and remain energized although this is a rare condition.

Once identified, the presence of solar power should be communicated on the radio so all those operating or responding know. Firefighters need to start isolation mitigation while understanding and confirming which parts are actually isolated. By the way, do you know that TAC sticks only work on AC power, not DC, so they won't be able to identify the "hot" side coming from the solar panels?

As always, preplanning is the key to success. Residential systems can be drastically different from commercial systems and residential systems can be drastically different from each other. Do a drill night reviewing a solar install with the home or business owner and the installer to get detailed info about the system. Hopefully you have some type of relationship with your local buildings/codes department to be made aware of these systems and gather valuable information. I'm a proponent of a placarding system to better identify the presence of solar upon arrival at an incident. Newer installations are a little more firefighter friendly as the equipment and codes are updated to improve these systems but legacy systems will present more challenges.

Solar generation systems can be complex and pose a significant hazard on the fireground. It's important for firefighters to be aware of solar generation systems in their first due, understand how they operate, and how to mitigate the associated hazards.

Originally posted at Building Firefighter Development - Beware The Red Label (buildingfirefighters.com)

Outside the Box 360

Performing a 360 upon arrival of a residential structure fire is crucial. Everyone always hits on building construction, type of occupancy, number of floors, and visible fire or smoke.

Did you notice a vehicle in the driveway, indicating someone may be home?

Did you see that the vehicle has a handicap placard on the license plate, indicating the owner may have a disability of some sort?

You walk up to the front door and notice children’s toys in the yard. Do kids live here?

Remember to look at the roof, utility lines connecting the house, solar panels, and satellite dishes. All these things could cause a hazard for crews operating on the scene.

You may arrive on scene and find a lot of clutter in the yard, leading to you assuming there may be hoarding conditions in the residence. We often find ourselves in tunnel vision and not looking at smaller aspects of the scene.

We want to hear from our followers. What are you looking for when you arrive on the scene?

Until next time - work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

The Truck Company Chauffeur

One of the most underrated and highly important firefighters on the truck company is the chauffeur and rightfully so for many reasons (outside vent, ladder operations, forcible entry, size-up). The responsibility of the role goes beyond providing truck company operations to the scene in the form of firefighters, ladders and tools but to also ensure they arrive safely to the scene and from there perform countless tasks on the exterior that are highly critical for the interior and exterior operations of the incident. 

This firefighter is responsible for all things outside of the fire building. 

• Know the response area prior to the alarm. This comes from countless hours of training and pre-incident planning which leads to point number two.

• Know the capabilities of the truck prior to arrival. The chauffeur must be able to determine where the truck is going to position itself at the scene. Oftentimes, it is the front of the building although this could change based on many factors such as, a setback structure, power lines, obstructions, needs of the truck and of course, the scrub zone. 

• Be responsible for or assist in throwing ground ladders to all sides of the structure single handedly as part of a 360 degree on-scene size-up. 

• Take notice of all entry points to the structure (side doors, belco doors) and where they lead. If possible, force the door for incoming crews but close them or leave them slightly cracked open once forced. 

• Identify or assist in identifying the utility shut offs during the 360 size-up

• Assist interior crews. Have a fan near the front door ready to go, if needed by interior crews at their request based on the incident. 

• Get the aerial up prior to it being needed by firefighters inside or outside of the building.

• Monitor all radio traffic for the IC. As we know, transmissions can get missed such as urgent messages and MAYDAYs and helps keep a general idea of where crews are operating inside the structure. 

• SCBA bottle swap. Assist firefighters exiting the structure with swapping out their initial bottle with their new bottle for faster entry back in or for their assistance going to rehab. Every little bit helps the recovery of firefighters working inside.

There are only a few areas a truck company chauffeur could assist with on-scene. Some could be completed by other firefighters on-scene. The list provided is for guidance only and not to be used as a replacement to the procedures set forth by your agency. Use these tips in training as options for limited or low staffing to start. 

Until next time - work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

But Why?

I bet you thought this going to be about trashing this picture but this blog is going to be about why we do what we do. Not only operationally, but as people. By nature, everything and everyone is different. So why do we constantly have problems with differences and why do we have to be so negative about it? Everyone knows the saying "The two things firefighters hate most are change and the way things are". It's a very true statement.

I saw the assemblies pictured above recently and felt the need to get a picture because I didn't like it. Working in engineering and being a firefighter, I was not a fan of the installation. My reaction was to post the pic and give the setup a failing grade.

As I thought about what I was going to write, I started questioning why I felt the need to bash. At the end of the day, does it really matter? Maybe, maybe not. Either way, it's not worth the negativity. And why do I care if it doesn't impact me? I wouldn't expect a rural fire department to use the a major city's SOP's. They wouldn't apply to an area where there's a limited water supply and the tallest buildings are barns. Why would either side trash the way the other does things? It's all perspective

Personally, I would not design this arrangement or approve it's construction but someone did. Maybe they were happy with it or maybe they were directed to show it that way. I don't know so I shouldn't judge. And if it was a poor design, maybe someone learned from it so it didn't get repeated on future projects and the lesson was passed along to younger designers.

As a firefighter, I'm not a fan of this either but, again, that's my opinion. For all I know the local fire department wanted it this way and/or is OK with it. Who am I to judge? If they don't like it, hopefully someone understands why it could be a problem and made sure it didn't get repeated on the next building that was constructed. If they do their job and pre-plan like they should, they've already recognized the issue and have a game plan so they are prepared to deal with it. Problem solved.

I guess the bottom line is that there's enough negativity in the world, so why add to it? Ignorantly, you can just say something like this isn't your problem so who cares. Positively, you can look at it as a learning opportunity and a way to grow. In the end, my opinion doesn't really matter. I could offer some positive suggestions to improve and be polite without being negative. We get so much information from social media. There's a lot of good out there, but there's also a lot of bad. Don't add to the cesspool. Do something positive!

Be Smart - Stay Safe!

Importance of Proper Apparatus Positioning

As the old saying goes, "so goes the first line…so goes the rest of the fire"! With that being said, firefighters must remember this. How we position our apparatus is just as important as how we attack the fire, if not more important. It is imperative the engine company chauffeur and officer know the hose lengths on both the preconnects and static lays. The positioning of the engine is the first tactic done for a proper and strong initial fire attack. Same goes with the truck positioning. Proper positioning of the structure puts the truck at the best advantage for maximum scrub of the aerial for roof operations.

 Positioning an apparatus sounds simple but isn't as cookie cutter as one may think and oftentimes this small step could be misapplied on the fire ground. A miscalculation in the positioning of the apparatus may seem like a minor error in judgement but is also one that is almost impossible to fix and can make or break a scene. How we position our apparatus of any kind, is to do one thing - provide us with the BEST tactical advantage for fire ground operations.

When do we determine or decide where apparatus are positioned on the fire ground?

In short and for starters, during our pre-plan phase or as we could say, the pre-incident size-up. Yes, during this time we look at building construction, potential hazards, understanding interior space, stairwell locations and fire department connections but it is also the best time to consider apparatus placement or at least have an idea of where they will go based on the many factors of the structure.

Here's a few tips to keep in mind when determining apparatus positioning on the fire ground.

• Apparatus positioning should be set up for your best tactical advantage on every call, not just fire.

• Know the area you are responding to.

• Listen to how other apparatus are responding in (direction to the scene) to avoid confusion when arriving.

• Know your apparatus inside and out.

• If you are the truck company, know the engine company role and their best position for the initial stretch

• If you are the engine company, know the truck company role for their best position for aerial setup and maximum scrub. The FRONT of the build is ideal.  

• Train on positioning parallel with your strategies and tactics training.

Keep these tips in mind and train on positioning the apparatus at every scene. Do not park them at the scene.

Until next time, work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Exposure Protection: The In’s & Out’s

A well trained group of firefighters with a solid foundation of a good coordinated fire attack is critical to the success of fireground operations. Plan and simple. Understanding fire attack as well as fire behavior in particular structures also provides a good understanding of exposure protection. Many firefighters if not all firefighters heard of or know the acronym RECEO VS (Rescue, Exposure, Confine, Extinguish, Overhaul, Ventilate, Salvage) which is a critical thinking tool to assist with our tactical decision making based on the situation at hand. This article will talk about the "E" in RECEO VS - exposure. Something that is oftentimes overlooked. 

One third of our fireground responsibilities is property conservation. If we remember, L.I.P. (life safety, incident stabilization and property conservation). This stands true for interior or exterior exposures. Thorough size ups and a well performed search and location of fire will assist our needs of potential exposures and a way for firefighters to get ahead of the fire. One thing we always want to do, is get ahead of the fire before it gets ahead of us. 

A way to get ahead and hopefully stay ahead of the fire is to establish exposure lines in order to protect fire spread through the means of a secondary line(s). By doing so, we are allowing ourselves to stay ahead of any rapid fire progress and putting ourselves in a position to contain the fires forward progress. Fire can and will advance itself in any and all directions based through various ways.

1. Direct flame contact

2. Radiant heat

3. Convection

4. Embers

5. Heat contained in smoke. 

If we can understand where the fire is going, taking into consideration it's speed, type of structure and location to name a few, we can better position ourselves in front of the fire's flow path and cut off any potential exposure problem. 

Interior exposure considerations 

1. The BOX we are working on (4 walls, 1 ceiling, 1 floor). Heat travels up which makes the floor above the fire one of the most critical areas to protect. Don’t forget to check the floors below. Fire can drop floors just as easily as it can travel up floors.

2. Mushroom Effect. Top floors of a structure have a tendency to collect heat, smoke and products of combustion with nowhere to go. A calculated vent will help with reducing this effect.

3. Common cockloft. A hose line, a few pike poles and a TIC can help alleviate fire spread.

4. Interior design. Based on how the structure is designed can determine how fire will spread. Open floor plans present a great opportunity for fire spread since there is nothing to impede heat to travel and fire to spread. Open floor plans are common in both residential and commercial dwellings. Keep a look out for renovations as well. 

Exterior exposure considerations

1.   Structures on the sides of the fire building.

2.   Structures in front of the fire building

3.   Structures to the rear of the building

Note: exposure problems around the exterior of the fire building could be at risk of absorbing radiant heat, therefore hoselines on the exterior should direct their streams to the structures themselves to help reduce the amount of heat they are absorbing and not spray water in the opening between the structures. By spraying water between structures will still allow radiant heat to be absorbed by the exposed structures. 

A group of well trained firefighters in well trained hose deployment techniques allows us to get ahead of the fire before it gets ahead of us.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

The Engine Company Chauffeur

Arguably one of the most critical assignments in the fire service is transporting firefighters to and from a call…safely. The firefighters in the back of the cab and the officer riding next to you rely on you to get them there safe and sound. Further, should this be the engine company chauffeur they rely on you to provide them water during fire suppression. Not only do these brother and sister firefighters rely on you, so does the other crews responding as well, the IC, the people who called for help and above all the families of yourself and your crew your chauffeuring to the call. If you want to be a chauffeur or are currently one here's a few tips I've learned and utilized when driving the engine.

1. Know your apparatus inside and out. Knowing where tools are, how to operate all equipment and how to maintain the apparatus go a long way. This tells the crew you're confident in your job and can support them while they're at work should anything go bad.
2. Know your district. Knowing your district shows the difference between a "driver" and a "chauffeur". One is someone who is simply driving the firefighters and apparatus to a scene while the other is knowing the inner circle of the role and making it their livelihood.
3. Drive with a purpose but drive safely. There's no rush to get there, take your time but be alert. Just because there's lights and sirens doesn't mean everyone else will move over or see you. Follow all traffic laws to ensure a safe arrival to the scene and back.
4. Know your hydrant locations or have a good understanding of where they might be. This will help with establishing a water supply quickly. Also, with today's modern technology, a lot of departments have tablets with maps showing hydrant locations. Take a look at them so it isn't a scramble while enroute.
5. Know your place. Proper engine apparatus is vital and should be passed the building leaving room for the first due truck. Also, this helps the officer and firefighters going in to see 3 sides of the structure for size ups and fire attack purposes.
6. When on scene, ensure a secure water supply is properly in place.
7. Ensure cross-lay is fully flaked out of the hose bed or static lay is connected.
8. Monitor the radio for instructions from the engine company officer to charge the line(s)
9. Monitor the radio for all radio traffic. This will help assist the IC should any urgent messages be missed.
10. Secondary eyes. Perform a size up of your own and as conditions change let the IC know. Remember, the IC is one person and can only see so much, as a first due engine this is a way to assist with valuable information to help crews on the fire ground.
11. Monitor the panel. Communicate water and fuel levels to the IC as they change.

It may be a lot of tips but this role calls for a lot of work, effort, knowledge and leadership. Remember, for that call, that shift, that moment, all trust and reliability relies on you. It's your apparatus and the trust is all in you. Get them there safe.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 18 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor, a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach. He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University, and a A.A.S in Liberal Arts - Business from Middlesex County College. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ and fire service podcasts.

The Engine Company Doorman

As we know each position on the engine company is an integral role to the success or failure of the job at hand. Each role is unique and plays an important part in the grand scheme. Like chess each firefighter is just as important as the other and how they're utilized is most important. In this case, it's the Door Man. A role that isn't spoken about much and like many departments today, is often times combined with the roles of back-up firefighter due to staffing limitations yet the responsibilities are crucial and play large parts during fires.
Here are some quick tips for the door man.

1. Back-up the hydrant firefighter. Ensure the cross-lay is emptied from the bed or assist with the static lay connection.
2. Know your hose estimates. Should the static lay be used, estimate the amount needed before connecting to the engine (better to go more than not enough)
3. If there is a back-up firefighter, assist in flaking out the line from the front to the back-up firefighter.
4. Prevent kinks in line. Choke doors as the line goes through.
5. Eyes on the structure. Monitor fire conditions at the doorway(s) and/or stairwell(s) and report any deteriorating conditions.
6. Next man up. Should the nozzle firefighter need to be relived, it's your job to step up.

There it is, quick tips for an often overlooked position on the fire ground however a role that plays dividends to the success of the fire suppression team.

Until next time; work hard, stay say & live inspired. 

About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 17 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor, a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach. He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University, and a A.A.S in Liberal Arts - Business from Middlesex County College. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ and fire service podcasts.

The Hydrant Firefighter

 As an engine company firefighter, we all want the nozzle. Nothing is more rewarding then going in, attacking the fire and hopefully preventing any fire spread. However, there are many other roles that without them the nozzle firefighter cannot do their job as efficiently putting strain not only on their job but all the other jobs on the fire ground. One job that goes mostly unrecognized but highly important to the effectiveness of the engine company and success of all crews on the fire ground is a strong and valuable Control Man or also known as Hydrant Man. 

The role of the hydrant man isn't exactly the most glorious but probably one of the most crucial next to the engine company driver. The firefighter assigned to the hydrant is tasked with establishing a water supply to the engine. Seems simple right? Well, under normal circumstances this role is relatively easy yet under stressful situations this job can become a bit nerve-racking. If you want to be a proficient hydrant man here are a few steps in doing so.

1. Practice, practice, practice.

2. Don't take this role for granted. Know your tools, know the hydrants in your first due response area and have an understanding for the hydrants in your secondary areas as well should they be different.

3. Before establishing your connection to the hydrant, open the steamer and cap(s) and check for debris inside the hydrant and flush it.

4. For forward lays, secure the supply line to the hydrant and open the hydrant once instructed by the driver.

5. Follow department policies for what type of connection will take place (off the steamer or side connection).

6. Once complete assist in removing kinks from the attack line starting at the apparatus to the front door and assist with hose advancement

7. Should for any reason the backup firefighter need to be relived, assume the role.

Tools:

1. Radio

2. Flashlight

3. Hydrant bag (hydrant wrench, spanner wrench, gated ball value (if part of policy)).

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired

About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 18 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor, a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach. He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University, and a A.A.S in Liberal Arts - Business from Middlesex County College. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ and fire service podcasts.

The Nozzle Firefighter

As a firefighter on the engine, we all want to be "that guy" - the one on the nozzle leading the charge and putting the knock on the fire. However, not everyone can be tasked with this role and should understand that each firefighter on the line has a critical role to the successes of the nozzle firefighter. In general, the firefighter on the nozzle is considered to be the most senior firefighter of the crew during the initial attack and is tasked with numerous responsibilities.

First and foremost, the nozzle firefighter is considered one of the most challenging yet rewarding jobs on the fire ground but it doesn't come without some punishment. This role is exposed to the most heat and fire than any other firefighter so having a solid understanding of fire behavior and fire suppression is vital for this role. Here are some quick tips for the nozzle firefighter.

1. Stretch the first length of hose and nozzle off the engine

2. Prior to making your initial attack, ensure the line is properly flaked out

3. Never forget to bleed the line after it's charged

4. Advance the line in coordination with the engine company officer and the rest of the crew

5. Keep the nozzle out in front. This makes easier motion when hitting the ceiling or sweeping the floor as well as advancement

6. Knock any fire as you advance to the main body of fire

7. Move out of the doorway when entering the fire room. By doing this it'll take some burden off of you as heat and smoke makes its way out

8. Stay low (duck walk, crawl or stay in a crouch position) 

9. Know when, why and how to hydraulic vent and ensure it's in coordination with the truck and IC.

 Please remember, the nozzle firefighter is responsible for not only their own crew but for all crews working inside the structure especially on the floor(s) above the fire so know your job and know it well. Never stop training.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 18 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor, a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach.  He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University, and a A.A.S in Liberal Arts - Business from Middlesex County College. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ and fire service podcasts.

The Back Up Firefighter

As a firefighter riding in the engine we all want to be on the nozzle, fighting the fire head on, producing a solid fire attack to the fire and getting cheers from our fellow firefighters for a quick solid knock. However, not everyone can always be the nozzle man and get to be face to face with the fire. Sometimes we need to be the backup or the setup man if you will. It's not pretty or glorified but in this line of business someone has to do it and at one point in time many of us get that assignment. The assignments may be cumbersome but a solid, ready to fight backup firefighter is critical to a successful and aggressive interior fire attack.  

As the old saying goes, "the fire goes as the fire line goes" and without an experienced backup firefighter, the advancement, fire suppression and a long day at the office will prevail; not to mention a not too happy nozzle man. 

Here's a few tips every backup firefighter on the line should consider.

   1. Ensure there are no kinks in the line, especially the first 50 feet behind the nozzle. Kinks will be detrimental to a sufficient fire flow and delay hose advancement.
2. Hit the hydrant and establish a water supply to the engine. If there is a short crew, this may be the job of the backup firefighter. Ensure your hydrant skills are efficient and ready to go. Timing is everything.
3. Force the door. If the engine is first on scene, ensure the line is stretched and be prepared to possibly force the door if needed.
4. Search off the line. Perform a primary search if no truck company is in place yet. 
5. If needed, be the second or third set of eyes and ears for the nozzle man. Watch the fire's behavior and carefully monitor conditions in the room and update the nozzle man and officer if there's a sense conditions are deteriorating and a flashover and/or collapse is imminent.

If you're assigned as the backup firefighter get ready before the call comes in (physically/mentally)and ensure all PPE and equipment is ready to go. A successful fire attack is counting on it so get ready and stay ready.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 17 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor, a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach.  He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University, and a A.A.S in Liberal Arts - Business from Middlesex County College. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ and fire service podcasts.

Why a RIC Team is Important in Today's Fire Service

Life safety on the fire ground is top priority not only for the citizens affected by the incident but also us as the first responders on the scene. By establishing that priority early on, it sets the tone for how firefighters can operate at that given scene. Each of us want to be safe and ensure we go home to our families and so do the ones overseeing the scene, they want and expect the same for us and themselves. Unforeseen circumstances could always arise in this line of work while working in an immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)atmosphere that could injury, trap or cause a firefighter(s) to go missing and because of this a dedicated team of specially trained firefighters or what we know as a rapid intervention crew (RIC), are to be established and maintained to rescue a fellow firefighter in distress. Going even further than that, this team must be incorporated into their incident management system and accountability system as per NFPA 2014. So what is the reason for this dedicated crew to standby incase a firefighter goes down?

Here’s are 5 tragic events that changed the course of the fire service and opened the eyes for the need for rapid invention implementation.

1. Columbus, Ohio on July 25, 1987. One firefighter fell through the floor into the burning basement, as conditions deteriorated and several rescue attempts using hoselines, ropes and ladders failed, rescue attempts were halted and this firefighter perished. The “Nance Drill” was then created from these events after it claimed the life of Acting Officer Firefighter John Nance.

2. The Hackensack Ford Fire in Hackensack, NJ on July 1, 1988. Five firefighters get lost and trapped while fighting a fire in the car dealership after the truss roof collapsed and ultimately claiming their lives.

3. Denver, CO on September 28, 1992. One firefighter became separated from his crew and due to a collapse, intense heat and heavy smoke this firefighter was trapped in a storage room with an aisle only 28 inches wide. Firefighters quickly setup ground ladders and removed window bars but it was ultimately too late. This firefighter perished on that day. The “Denver Drill” was then created from these events after it claimed the life of Firefighter Mark Langvardt. 

4. Passaic, NJ on May 9, 2001. One firefighter became trapped while searching for victims on the second floor of an apartment building.

5. Philadelphia, PA on August 20, 2004. Two firefighters were killed and a third was injured after becoming trapped in the basement of a one-alarm fire.

All 3 of these tragic events had no rapid intervention crew established. 

There are many reasons a rapid intervention crew could be activated on the fire ground and unfortunately this team of specially training firefighters are entering probably the most dangerous area of the structure; the place where a firefighter(s) is in distress and calls for help, otherwise known to the fire service as a “MAYDAY”. The reasons for a “mayday” vary but each one should be acted upon quickly and efficiently. 

Reasons for a “MAYDAY” and the activation of RIC.

1. Firefighters run out of air. Possibly due to large areas being worked in.

2. Excessive heat which could cause a heat stroke or a cardiac event.

3. Lack of visibility leading to crew separation and firefighter disorientation.

4. Crew separation due to the possible complexity of the floor plan.

5. Structural collapse 

At any given moment one of these could be messaged over the radio to the Incident Commander and the activation of the rapid intervention crew will need to take place. In order for RIC to be readily available to go to work, a few things need to take place in the anticipation something could go wrong at any moment. 

1. The first 10-15 minutes of a fire is most critical. Have RIC established early on and the RIC officer meet face to face with the IC for any pertinent information that could assist them in their efforts should they be activated. Establishing RIC from the start will help them with deployment and setup time. Also, most RIC established are outside agencies and will need time for travel.

2. The RIC officer should establish a staging area for the crew and all their necessary equipment along with devising a game plan should they be activated. 

3. Develop your own size up of the structure and make it continual throughout the duration of the job since things change. 

4. Determine how many crews are in the structure and the number of manpower on each crew. This will help with your S&T if you should be put to work. 

5. Assist with egress. Take a proactive approach and setup ground ladders for crews operating on upper floors. 

6. Time is critical. Stabilizing the situation quickly is the goal and working with the IC to develop a game plan for efficient firefighter removal (quickly yet systematically) before entering the structure will assist in those efforts. 

7. Bring the tools that are warranted for the situation. As mentioned earlier, RIC has a staging area for crew and tools so it is possible and necessary to stage more tools than you’ll need to go in with yet having excess tools readily available is just as important. 

Tools of RIC

1. Staging tarp for tools

2. RIC Pack – rescue SCBA

3. Forcible entry tools such as a Halligan bar or other pry tools

4. Stokes basket

5. 150-foot search rope

6. Wire cutters

7. Saws (i.e K-12, chainsaw)

8. Thermal imaging camera

9. Box lights

10. Strobe light to identify egress 

11. Life-saving rope/life belt

While there is no viable proof that having an established RIC in place will prevent firefighter fatalities on the fire ground, it is necessary in having one established and ready to go as a way to assist with the rescue and removal of a down fellow firefighter in hopes of a successful save. Any time departments are working on large structures, it is best to have rapid intervention crews on each side of the structure for quicker deployments with hopes of mitigating firefighter fatalities. Further, having an established RIC is a fire service best practice for all scenarios with firefighters working in an IDLH environment. May the lives of the firefighters mentioned in this article and the lives of all the firefighters who have gone before us in the line of duty, may they rest in peace. 

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 17 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor, a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach.  He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University, and a A.A.S in Liberal Arts - Business from Middlesex County College. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ and fire service podcasts.

Quick Tips for the Initial Hoseline Deployment

We are the first arriving engine on scene to a working fire and our job is to get water on the fire, right? Absolutely, truth be told that once the fire goes out the problems go away. However, determining the methods of attack and weapons of choice are a whole other ballgame. As we know, the first line pulled is the most important line coming off the first engine. Failure in making the right (critical) decision could make for a long night at the office and require more manpower and more work than originally required. On the flip side, having a not so sufficient crew with the correct line in place could also make for a long night.

Here are a few questions to ask yourself as the initial arriving engine to consider when stretching the initial line in:

1. Consider the size up A.D.U.L.T.S (Advanced Fire on Arrival. Defensive Fire Ops. Unknown Location & Extent. Large Uncompartmented Area. Tons of Water Needed. Standpipe Ops.

2. Structure is 60 feet for more from the curb. Will 200 feet of preconnect work?

3. What’s the dimensions of the structure? Will 200 feet of preconnect still work even if the structure is greater than 60' plus feet from the curb?

4. If not, how many feet of hose will it take to make the fire from the door?

5. Is the line being stretched up or down a stairwell? This will add an additional 50 feet to the line.

6. Where is the crew calling for water? Before the door or inside the structure?

7. Are there any obstructions overhead if a dry line is being deployed?

8. Is there an adequate water supply coming in?

9. Most importantly, what’s the level of manpower?

These questions could all be answered prior to the call during pre-planning and made efficient during training. As we know each situation is different and when things become routine, it sometimes can be dangerous. Don’t be afraid to think outside of the box and explore non convention ways to solving the problem. Knowing our limitations but also knowing the best ways to use the equipment on the engine is a key role in successful fire suppression. The reason I say that is this, the engine carries water, hose (preconnected and not preconnected), tools of all kinds and firefighters for a reason and by knowing how to use the engine in ways other than always pulling preconnected handlines can make for sufficient, smooth and outside the box thinking firefighters. So next time you’re sitting around the kitchen table or on the bumper of the engine, give an address in your area and ask these questions to the firefighters on the crew and lets see how you’re all thinking. A thinking mind is a valuable mind. 

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

 About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 17 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor, a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach.  He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University, and a A.A.S in Liberal Arts - Business from Middlesex County College. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ and fire service podcasts. 

Tis the Season for CO Alarms

It’s that time of the year again, furnaces in full force, fire places in use and gas appliances being used more so now than outdoor grills. With this season change the higher expectation of carbon monoxide alarms begin to rise. Why is this a concern? Carbon Monoxide or CO, is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and flammable gas with it being the leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths in America. 

CO, a byproduct of incomplete combustion of fuel sources such as natural gas, wood, propane and coal to name a few, can be found in many areas of indoor and outdoor living areas such as kitchens, laundry rooms, garages and wood burning stoves and fireplaces. Because of this CO can be generated in 3 ways; through a solid, liquid and a gas.

Examples of forms:

Solid: wood

Liquid: Oil, propane, gasoline 

Gas: Natural gas

Further, CO could also be “man made” through motor vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke and cooking appliances yet all use some type of fuel source and generated through a solid, liquid or gas.

Physiological Effects 

Annually, several hundred thousand people are exposed to CO poisoning with 20-40% of survivors suffering immediate or delayed neuropsychological deficits and other health damage. One of these is Hypoxic Stress, which is the reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood leading to inadequate oxygenation of cells, tissues and organs. Our brains are susceptible to hypoxia although subtle effects of CO could prevent us from being aware.

Earlier, we mentioned cigarette smoke being a man made cause of CO. Well, in a non-smoker the COHb levels in the blood is between 0.4% and 1.4%. In smokers who smoke one pack per day have up to 5% COHb in their blood. Due to this, cognitive ability in longer term smokers has been known to decrease.

Symptoms of CO

1. Headache

2. Fatigue 

3. Nausea 

4. Dizziness 

5. Confusion

6. Cardiac palpitations

7. Loss of consciousnesses 

8. Coma 

9. Death

Let’s now discuss CO Emergencies

Upon arrival, the first arriving officer should ask the following to the occupants prior to investigating the dwelling:

1. Is anyone experiencing any symptoms? 

2. What appliances were being used prior to the alarm?

If no appliances that would trigger a CO alarm were used or the occupants can’t retrace their steps, here are a few options:

Try and recreate the situation from what the occupants have done over the last 6-10 hours because it could be a slow leak. 

1. Observe the occupants for signs of CO poisoning and ensure they are in fresh air while the scene is being investigated. 

2. Check the fireplace, the furnace intake, draft hood, water heater and gas-fed furnace.

3. Ensure gas flames are blue and not yellow or orange, this is a sign of CO.

4. Laptops or tablets charging. This is rare but could happen. 

5. Check the batteries 

If the source is still unfound, request the local gas and utility company to the scene. Also, if operating in a multi-resident occupancy, check adoring apartments and buildings. Depending on your area, think outside of the box. Does this occupancy have a shared chimney? Is it a duplex? Shotgun house or an odd renovation style? This all could be indicators for unfound CO due to its building construction. 

Lastly, ensure alarms are in their proper locations in the occupancy and always don your SCBA with readings at or exceeding 9 ppm. 

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

About the Author

NICHOLAS J. HIGGINS is a firefighter with 17 years in the fire service in Piscataway, NJ, a NJ State certified level 2 fire instructor and a State of New Jersey Advocate for the National Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation. A martial arts practitioner and former collegiate athlete in baseball, Nick is also a National Exercise & Sports Trainer Association Battle Ropes Instructor, Functional Fitness Instructor and Nutrition Coach.  He holds a B.S. in Accounting from Kean University and is the founder/contributor of the Firehouse Tribune website. Nick has spoken at the 2017 & 2018 Firehouse Expo in Nashville, TN as well as at numerous fire departments within NJ.

You Have Just One Job

 "This shouldn't take too long." I'm not talking to anyone;that's just the thought in my head as I get ready to clean the bathroom today. On the first floor of my house there is a half bath that is just after the front door, on the right side. It's just close enough to the door that if you pull in to the parking space, Dukes of Hazzard style, and busted through the front door to use the bathroom, you can make it without an 'accident' happening. The bathroom needs cleaning. I go to work using an assortment of cleaners; being careful not to cause a hazardous environment needing 911. Now, it's time to mop. That is also the time things go in a new direction. I go to the hallway closet a few feet away on the other side of the hallway. I see a mop handle sticking up, but there is all this stuff in the way. I start cleaning the closet to get to the mop to clean the bathroom. I now have two bags of things to throw out, brooms and other floor cleaning devices neatly arranged, but no mop. A wide area search (of a townhouse, mind you) leads to finding the mop in another bathroom upstairs. To recap, I have cleaned the closet, to find and clean the mop, so I can finish cleaning the bathroom. But while cleaning the mop, I notice there may be a leak coming from the sink I used. So, after cleaning the closet to get the mop, I found and cleaned the mop, then found the leak, then cleaned up the water from the leak to clean the, uh…what was I supposed to be doing again?

At that moment, I see myself in a place I have been before. Perhaps you have found yourself in that same place. I have one thing on my mind to do. In the process of working on that one thing, I accomplish 3 or 4 other things. Never what I set out to do in the first place. Once I realize the situation I am in, it was easy to tell I didn’t use my focus habit.What habit do I use to keep my focus? The yellow sticky note habit.

People who have worked with me have seen and made fun of my yellow sticky note habit. I admit, it's definitely a little odd. I can't remember how I got started using it, but I've done if for a while. I take two 3-inch yellow sticky notes and stick them together back to back so the sticky parts are at opposite ends. Now I have a 3-inch paper that I can write on both sides. On only one side of the note, I write the date and everything I want to try accomplish that day. The rest of the day, the list resides in my pocket. Periodically for the rest of the day, I look at my list and see what I have done, and what I still need to do. Whatever I don't finish, goes on the list for the next day.

Time has taught me that the size of that paper doesn't allow me to put more on it than I can finish in one day. I stay focused, keep track of my progress, and I can evaluate if what I'm doing is more important that what is on my list. I use this at the station, at the office, and sometimes at home. I get laughs about my list at the station, at the office, and sometimes at home. I find that I am more efficient and productive at the station, at the office, and sometimes, at home.

My habit for staying focused may not be for you. It doesn't have to be. We all, however, need some way to keep focused on our intended tasks. Completing tasks, completes objectives. Completing objectives, completes goals. And completing goals is how ordinary people have extraordinary impact.

 About the Author

 NICK BASKERVILLE Nick has had the honor of serving in the United States Air Force for 10 years, followed by 4 years in the United States Air Force Reserves. He attained the rank of Technical Sergeant (E-6). Nick also has 18 years of fire service time, with 15 years of that being in a career department in Northern Virginia. Nick has had

the opportunity to hold positions in the Company Officer's section of the Virginia Fire Chief's Association (VFCA), The Virginia Fire Officer's Academy (VFOA) staff, and as one of the IABPFF representatives to the Fire Service Occupational Cancer Alliance. Nick is one of the many trainers for Firefighter Cancer Support Network (FCSN) to offer awareness and prevention training about cancer in the fire service. Nick has the honor of being one of the many contributors for The Firehouse Tribune.

Nick is also a member of the public speaking organization Toastmasters. He holds an Advanced
Competent Bronze (ACB) certification. He also tells personal narrative stories that have been featured
on shows for The Moth, Better Said Than Done, and Storyfest Short Slam. Follow more about storytelling
and public speaking for purpose at Story Telling On Purpose (www.stop365.wordpress.com)

The Engine Company Search

A critical role and sometimes often overlooked or undervalued is the engine company performing a search. Normally, the truck company is assigned to search and rescue operations however due to limited staffing in many departments across the country, it’s not surprising to be on a hoseline and performing a search (also, a value added role).

Before we can discuss ways to search off a hoseline, here are a few considerations for conducting search and rescue operations.

Questions to consider when determining search operations

1. What areas of the building are being determined as primary search areas?

2. Are there any factors or clues from the incident that are assisting you in determining which areas the search is to begin? (i.e. Possible victims, location of fire, type of structure etc..)

The Primary Search

1. Make it quick. This a quick attempt to remove victim or if on a hoseline, remove the fire and protect the victim.

2. Be quick yet thorough. Check all areas where victims may be even ones that are tenable and safe for a quick search.

3. Trust your senses. Use your eyes, ears and touch.

4. We carry in hand tools for a variety of reasons, use them. Using hand tools to extend your reach off the wall or off your partner can help extend the area of the search and cover more ground in less time. This is especially true for residential homes and small to medium size spaces.

As we just discussed the key points of a primary search, here are 2 ways we can search while operating off a hoseline.

2 Man Hoseline Search

One way the engine company can search a room is allowing the nozzleman into the search room while the backup completes a search of the room. In some instances, the officer and the backup are the same person. If this is the case, the nozzleman will guide the searcher through the room as if it was a quick oriented search. It is to be noted that the nozzleman should place themselves just inside of the doorway. This will allow the searcher a point of orientation and smoother hose advancement once the search of the room is complete. If this is the fire room, it will allow the searcher to move the victim to a safe place of refuge (if need be) while the nozzleman advances in and suppresses the fire.

3 or 4 Man Oriented Search

Same rules apply as if an oriented search was being completed by the truck company. However, this time the nozzleman will advance down the hallway between the adjunct room(s) allowing the searcher(s) and the officer (oriented person) clear access to the room(s). This operation must be predetermined prior to putting in place and practiced before use.  From here, the officer will monitor conditions of the room along with the location and status of the searcher. Searchers will use traditional search methods (right or left hand quick primary sweeps of the room). Once completed, the nozzleman and crew will advance.

Keys to remember when searching as an engine company

1. NEVER pass up fire!

2. Use the TIC to ASSIST the search. Never allow it to take OVER the search.

3. The search should be systematic and towards the fire

4. Communication of doorways AND victims are key

5. Chase and remove all kinks in the hose

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired